Ascension was first discovered by the Portuguese in 1501 and rediscovered two years later and named Ascension. For the next 300 years it was ignored, except by sailors who stopped to hunt turtles and leave mail. This all changed when Napoleon was exiled to St Helena in 1815. The British claimed the island and set up a garrison on the site of Georgetown. A track to the freshwater drip from which water was transported in casks until storage tanks were built and pipes laid to carry it to the settlement. The garrison slowly developed into a small town. By the time Napoleon died in 1821 Ascension was an important naval depot and quarantine base for ships.

In 1899 Eastern Telegraph Co laid the first submarine cable to Cape Town via St. Helena. The navy withdrew in 1922, making the telegraph company the sole permanent residents until the BBC arrived to set up their South Atlantic relay station in 1964. Meantime, WW2 bought the US army engineers who built Wideawake Airfield. In 1943 there were 4000 servicemen stationed on the island but in 1947 they all departed the island, population diminished to 170. The Falkland conflict in 1982 saw the population mushroom overnight. After the conflict the RAF were given a permanent base on the island.

Cruising yachtsmen will find dealing with the authorities much easier than expected. Staying over is not a problem provided you have full travel insurance. All yachts are subject to a curfew. If you wish to be ashore after 7pm until 11pm you must have a local "sponsor" who must complete an official form at the police station. All official business including clearance is done at the police station. There is only one supermarket in town and it carries most things, but at a higher price than on St Helena, except for alcohol which is cheaper.

For petrol and diesel you must buy coupons at this shop, then hitch to the only petrol station on the island. It is a few miles out of town and does not handle cash at all. The post office is opposite the shop and right next to the Saints club where you can order a cold beer and a snack meal at lunchtime. The Exile club used to be naval barracks, but now boasts a bar and restaurant with the best view in town from the balcony overlooking the pier head and anchorage.

Most of the birdlife now breeds on Boatswain Bird Island, just off the east coast. This is the only breeding place of the Ascension Island frigate. The frigates are very obvious in the anchorage as they scrounge for fish from fisherman and harass the boobies to drop their catch. The sooty terns return in their thousands every ten months or so, to breed on the Wideawake Fairs near the airstrip. From December to April the green turtle appears, lured from their Brazilian feeding grounds to complete a round trip of 4000 miles. Long Beach is the most popular nesting beach and while they are protected now, you can still see the turtle ponds built to hold turtles until they could be transported to the pier head by railway.The interesting museum near the pier head was once part of Port Hayes and all the work on this project was done by volunteers.

Visit Comfortless Cove that was used as a quarantine area by ships whose crew was suffering with fever. Food and water was brought from town and placed nearby for the victims. Today you can see the cemetery on the rocks, but the white beach is a popular swimming cove. English Bay is the most popular beach as it provides safe swimming on an island full of beaches with dangerous undertows. Nearby, the BBC's "golfball" and antennae farm dominate the scene. It is here that the power station and desalination plant produces most of the islands power and fresh water.

Hike the Devil's Riding School volcano and walk on the clinker rock that sounds like china plates underfoot. Across the eroded crater you can walk amongst interesting fumaroles to the opposite lip and be treated to a wonderful view of the crater with its concentric rings and coloured earths. At the top of this rim you can stamp postcards with the stamp from the "letterbox" that also holds a stamp pad and visitors' book. There are 18 of these letterboxes around the island at the end of 18 hikes ranging in severity.

Green Mountain is the only green peak amongst 44 volcanic peaks and is 2817 foot high and often cloud - covered After so much lava and barren landscape Green Mountains' rich vegetation contrasts pleasantly. Elliot's path is a popular walk that encircles the summit and provides panoramic views of the entire coastline. It was cut for sentries and soldiers to keep watch on the coast. At the end of the path is the water catchment system and, with wire guide and flashlight, one follows an underground tunnel taking water pipes to the farm by the Red Lion, a picturesque farmhouse built in 1863.

There are very few facilities as such for visiting yachts, but all necessary facilities exist, an important on being fax and telephones. These enable yachts to order equipment and have it flown in. Showers are available at the swimming pool near the pier head. There are some large cranes on the pier head which can lift 30-ton boats if necessary and if the weather permitted. The local folks are very friendly and will fix or replace anything they can. All you have to do is ask and someone will do something about your problem, if possible. This is a fascinating and most unusual island, perhaps not the easiest to get to, but a worthwhile stepping-stone across the Atlantic Ocean.

Note: Clearance Bay is an open bay, but any yacht wishing to stop here should enter from the east, as there is a reef which extends from the west. This reef has a marker at its northern extremity and you have to clear this if approaching from the west. A floating pipeline extends almost from Long Beach across the middle of the bay. It is easy to see during the day as boobies sit and roost along its length. But at night it has no lights.